Rare genetic faults identified in families with bowel cancer

Dec. 30, 2012 ? Rare DNA faults in two genes have been strongly linked to bowel cancer by Oxford University researchers, who sequenced the genomes of people from families with a strong history of developing the disease.

The researchers sequenced the entire DNA genomes of 20 people from families with a strong history of bowel cancer. Eight of the 20 people had developed bowel cancer, while the rest had a first-degree relative who had developed the disease. The findings are published in the journal Nature Genetics.

They found that everyone who had a faulty POLE or POLD1 gene developed bowel cancer or had a precancerous growth in the bowel.

To confirm their findings they then looked for faults in these two genes in almost 4,000 people with bowel cancer, and 6,700 people without the disease.

Neither of the genetic faults was found in people without bowel cancer. However, 12 people with a fault in the POLE gene were found in the bowel cancer group, and one person had a POLD1 gene fault.

The POLD1 fault was also found to increase the risk of getting womb cancer and possibly brain cancer, with seven people in the study being diagnosed with womb cancer and one developing two brain tumours.

Professor Ian Tomlinson, who led the research at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics at Oxford University, said: 'These are two rare faults, but if you inherit them your chance of bowel cancer is high. By testing people with a strong family history of the disease for these, we can identify those who are at high risk and try to prevent the disease by using colonoscopy and other methods.'

POLE and POLD1 are genes involved in processes that repair damage to DNA. Without these genes functioning properly, affected individuals can build up damage in their DNA which accumulates and it is thought this may lead to changes that cause bowel cancer.

'This research highlights how much more we still have to find out about the rare gene faults that can increase a person's risk of bowel cancer,' said Dr Julie Sharp, senior science information manager at Cancer Research UK, which part-funded the work.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Oxford.

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Journal Reference:

1. Claire Palles, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Kimberley M Howarth, Enric Domingo, Angela M Jones, Peter Broderick, Zoe Kemp, Sarah L Spain, Estrella Guarino Almeida, Israel Salguero, Amy Sherborne, Daniel Chubb, Luis G Carvajal-Carmona, Yusanne Ma, Kulvinder Kaur, Sara Dobbins, Ella Barclay, Maggie Gorman, Lynn Martin, Michal B Kovac, Sean Humphray, Huw J W Thomas, Eamonn Maher, Gareth Evans, Anneke Lucassen, Carole Cummings, Margaret Stevens, Lisa Walker, Dorothy Halliday, Ruth Armstrong, Joan Paterson, Shirley Hodgson, Tessa Homfray, Lucy Side, Louise Izatt, Alan Donaldson, Susan Tomkins, Patrick Morrison, Selina Goodman, Carole Brewer, Alex Henderson, Rosemarie Davidson, Victoria Murday, Jaqueline Cook, Neva Haites, Timothy Bishop, Eamonn Sheridan, Andrew Green, Christopher Marks, Sue Carpenter, Mary Broughton, Lynn Greenhalge, Mohnish Suri, Peter Donnelly, John Bell, David Bentley, Gilean McVean, Peter Ratcliffe, Jenny Taylor, Andrew Wilkie, Peter Donnelly, John Broxholme, David Buck, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Richard Cornall, Lorna Gregory, Julian Knight, Gerton Lunter, Gilean McVean, Jenny Taylor, Ian Tomlinson, Andrew Wilkie, David Buck, Lorna Gregory, Sean Humphray, Zoya Kingsbury, Gilean McVean, Peter Donnelly, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, John Broxholme, Russell Grocock, Edouard Hatton, Christopher C Holmes, Linda Hughes, Peter Humburg, Alexander Kanapin, Gerton Lunter, Lisa Murray, Andy Rimmer, Anneke Lucassen, Christopher C Holmes, David Bentley, Peter Donnelly, Jenny Taylor, Christos Petridis, Rebecca Roylance, Elinor J Sawyer, David J Kerr, Susan Clark, Jonathan Grimes, Stephen E Kearsey, Huw J W Thomas, Gilean McVean, Richard S Houlston, Ian Tomlinson. Germline mutations affecting the proofreading domains of POLE and POLD1 predispose to colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Nature Genetics, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/ng.2503

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/pbRsb_OZ3Cs/121230175927.htm

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Michael Hussey announces retirement - Cricket News Update - Bettor

Michael Hussey announces retirement - Cricket News Update

Michael Hussey has decided to call time on his international career following the conclusion of Australia?s ongoing Test series against Sri Lanka.

The left-hander?s decision comes as a surprise to many, after the national team lost the services of former skipper Ricky Ponting at the end of the South African series earlier in the month.

The upcoming Sydney Test, which begins from January 3, will be his 79^th but unfortunately will also be his last for the Down Under giants. He is expected to carry on playing for his domestic sides, notably Warriors and Perth Scorcher, before making a call at the end of the current season.

"I was quite excited to tell them [his family] this morning that I'm not going to go away and play for Australia anymore. They were happy but not as excited as I thought they were going to be, so it was a bit of a shock," Hussey told Channel Nine. "One thing about playing for Australia is, it's always a lot of stress and a lot of pressure to perform and I feel like I'll come into this Test match [Sydney] with no pressure whatsoever, just go out there and enjoy it."

Commonly known as Mr Cricket, his absence will greatly dent Australia?s aspiration to claim the no.1 Test ranking and regain the Ashes trophy.? The Kangaroos will travel to India in February before touring arch-rivals England in middle of next year.

That further leaves the management with a task to reconstruct the middle-order, which is now expected to have at least one more new name. Phillip Hughes was recently named as Ponting?s permanent replacement in the Test side, and he is likely to be joined by his former New South Wales teammate, Usman Khawaja, who had been included in the squad as a cover for skipper Michael Clarke.

"Michael has had a fine career - he has been a great player, a great team player and has always been a great person, on and off the field," CA chairman Wally Edwards said.

Since making his debut in 2004, the 37-year-old featured in 185 ODIs for his side, scoring 5442 runs at an impressive average of 48.15. In the longer version, his current tally stands at 6138 at 51.52.

Source: http://blogs.bettor.com/Michael-Hussey-announces-retirement-Cricket-News-Update-a211770

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Shakira Gives Birth to a Baby Boy!

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2012/12/shakira-gives-birth/

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Business Spotlight ? Law Offices of Castillo and Camunez : Tempe ...

Posted on | December 28, 2012 | No Comments

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Business name: The Law Offices of Castillo & Camunez, PLLC

Year started: April 2010

Address, hours and phone number:

60 E. Rio Salado Parkway Ste. 900, Tempe, AZ 85281.?

Hours: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. M-F or by appointment.?

Ph: 480-361-4223

Website: www.thecclaw.com

What does your company do? Our law firm provides a range of services with emphasis in business, real estate law, and estate planning.? Our attorneys provide advice to business owners, families, parents, employees, and consumers with legal questions.? Attorney Valentine Castillo is a licensed realtor to assist families with purchasing, selling, or shortselling their homes.

What makes you special? Our clients are important to us and we believe communication is one of the top priorities for our clients.? The attorneys in Castillo & Camunez work directly with our clients to resolve and overcome their legal concerns.? We pride ourselves in communicating with our clients during all stages of representation.?

What do you like most about doing business in the Valley? ?The Valley provides a lot of opportunity for our business clients to grow and be successful.? The Valley is diverse with many small, medium, and large businesses complimenting each other?s services for the consumer.? Many people come to Arizona for this type of opportunity.?

How do you support the community? Our attorneys serve the community on multiple levels.? Both attorneys are Arizona National Guard service members and volunteer for non-profit organizations such as Hospice of the Valley and the Arizona Children?s Heart Foundation.?? Our attorneys are also available to education the community through seminars on various areas of the law.

Who are your ideal clients or customers? Our clients are diverse.? Whether a business owner needs to negotiate a contract dispute, a family ready to purchase residential property, or parents ready to create an estate plan to protect their legacy our ideal clients are those who have legal questions or concerns about their future.?

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Source: http://tempeaz.usachamber.com/blog/index.php/2012/12/business-spotlight-law-offices-of-castillo-and-camunez/

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Chuckle at the Best News Bloopers of 2012

Producers of Katie Holmes's Broadway play Dead Accounts, a dark family comedy by Theresa Rebeck, have announced that the show will be closing nearly two months early, wrapping up on January 6 instead of the planned February 24. Obviously the press release about the matter doesn't mention any reasons, but we can assume the show is closing because of poor ticket sales. January is a notoriously difficult frozen tundra for many a Broadway show to traverse, and Dead Accounts just didn't have it. So the cast is being spared the agony of trying. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/chuckle-best-news-bloopers-2012-130400524.html

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Mexico City seeks beauty in public-space makeover

MEXICO CITY (AP) ? The plan is as big as this mammoth city: Turn a seedy metro hub into Mexico City's Times Square; clear swarms of feisty vendors and remodel the historic Alameda Central; illuminate the plazas and walkways of a park twice the size of New York's Central Park.

Mexico City's government is trying to transform one of the world's largest cities by beautifying public spaces, parks and monuments buried beneath a sea of honking cars, street hawkers, billboards and grime following decades of dizzying urban growth.

Despite the challenges, the ambitious, multimillion-dollar program carried out by former center-left Mayor Marcelo Ebrard and continued by his successor, Miguel Angel Mancera, is winning praise from urban planners and many residents. And it's turning the metropolis into an experiment in how to soften urban sprawl.

"It's time to tame the city," said Juan Carlos de Leo Gandara, head of the Iberoamerican University's sustainable urban projects. "Today is about giving the city back to pedestrians."

In the Alameda, made iconic in the Diego Rivera mural "Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda," concrete sidewalks were replaced by marble, and makeshift vendor stands were kicked out ? a renovation that cost about $18.7 million. Instead of a motley patchwork of folding tables and tarps, the newly opened park, anchored by the art nouveau Palacio de Bellas Artes theater, is a sea of greenery and calm in the midst of racing traffic.

"It used to be very dark, with no lighting. It really wasn't a place to bring my son," said Alma Rosa Romero, a 22-year-old housewife standing by the new dancing-water fountains, holding her child's hand. "Now it's beautiful."

Other completed projects include a once-neglected plaza with an Arc de Triumph-style monument to Mexico's 1910 revolution, which has been remade at a cost of $28.6 million from a homeless encampment to an oasis where families frolic and children run through spurts of water gushing out of the pavement. The copper dome of what started out as the country's Congress building is newly polished and gleaming.

Downtown, at the Chapel of the Immaculate Conception of Tlaxcoaque, the city has installed multi-colored fountains that light up at night and replaced a parking lot with a larger plaza for pedestrians. The city has also converted Gustavo I. Madero street in the historic center into a pedestrian walkway stretching to the Zocalo, the plaza that's home to the National Palace and massive Metropolitan Cathedral. And under a popular bridge near the hip neighborhood of Condesa, the city made way for a taco joint and a playground.

"A city where people go out to the streets is safe, happier and raises the quality of life," said Daniel Escotto, chief architect of Mexico City's Public Areas Office, which was founded in 2008 to manage urban renewal. "We are renovating floors, facades and adding plants and lighting and more elements that can shape this concept."

Yet in a city defined in many ways by its disorder, the plan is also being slammed by those who take pride in surviving the urban jungle.

"Yes it's safer, and it's renovated, but what happens to the emblem of Mexico City?" said Baltazar Romeo, 47, a hospital worker eating a sandwich at the newly remodeled Alameda. Gone were the street performers who once dressed as the Three Wise Men during Christmas and charged tips for photos with children. "The city is becoming soulless," Romeo said.

One of the flagship renovation projects is the once-seedy, swarming Glorieta de Insurgentes roundabout and metro station in central Mexico City, which sees hundreds of thousands of commuters pour through every day.

The circular plaza was sunk to let pedestrians stream below busy thoroughfares and catch their trains or buses or just hang out. Around its rim careen cars in a roundabout that briefly merges two of the city's biggest thoroughfares, the mighty Insurgentes and Chapultepec avenues.

When the plaza was built in 1969, the city's top priority was moving an onslaught of cars and people from one point to another. Highways and beltways elsewhere went up to cope with the population boom, and sprawl spread farther out. Once-famous and safe streets and plazas suffered from neglect by planners and became slum-like neighborhoods people avoided after sunset. A brown haze covered the new skyline as motorists became the focus of the new infrastructure.

The Insurgentes roundabout turned into a place to hurry through. Homeless people took over abandoned warehouses nearby while surrounding office and apartment buildings fell into disrepair. Many of the plaza's shops became sleazy Internet cafes cowering beneath giant billboards.

"It couldn't be more hostile to public life or pedestrian life," said Ken Greenberg, a Toronto-based architect and urban designer who recently visited Mexico. "The whole thing just has a kind of very harsh feeling of a highway right in the middle of the city."

Urban designers are now seeking to infuse the chaos with the glitzy excitement of Times Square or London's Piccadilly Circus. Sixty-foot cylinders covered with circular screens streaming LED tickers have already been erected. The crabgrass-filled flower beds and low benches used as skateboard launches have been bulldozed for a sleek open-air look bathed in white, patterned concrete.

The makeover is meant to create a more appealing space for commuters using bikes and public transit in a city that won infamy as the world's most painful for commuters in a 2011 IBM survey.

"What Mexico City needs is to emphasize its identity through its public spaces," Escotto said.

The government says the Insurgentes project will also debut a new model for restricting advertising to designated spots. In 2010, local government banned advertisements on all public and private buildings, threatening a $9,000 fine for those who refused to comply. Two years later, however, the city is still blanketed by billboards.

Future projects include a cleanup of 67 bridges around the city and more lighting for plazas and walkways throughout Chapultepec Park, Mexico City's grand urban green space.

Some projects, including the Insurgentes roundabout, are being completed with the help of private funds. The roundabout renovation includes $4.5 million from 15 advertising companies that are erecting the giant LED screens. Critics worry the arrangement will benefit private companies more than city residents. Much of the beautification of the historic center was paid for by telecommunications billionaire Carlos Slim.

Some wonder whether Mancera, who is from Ebrard's party, will continue the effort and whether the city has the money to maintain its improvements. The question for this teeming city is whether its attempt to clean up will hold or whether the sprawl will ultimately prove more powerful.

"How is this work going to look in the next five months, or five years?" asked De Leo Gandara of the Iberoamerican University. "Will they preserve it? Will it still be clean? Are they keeping it together or is it forgotten again?"

___

Adriana Gomez Licon is on Twitter http://twitter.com/agomezlicon

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/mexico-city-seeks-beauty-public-space-makeover-184409680.html

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Voice from the Desert ? Blog Archive ? Why, God?

?http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/26/opinion/dowd-why-god.html?src=me&ref=general

* * *

OP-ED COLUMNIST

By?MAUREEN DOWD

Published: December 25, 2012?699 Comments

WASHINGTON

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Fred R. Conrad/The New York Times

Go to Columnist Page ?

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Readers shared their thoughts on this article.

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When my friend Robin was dying, she asked me if I knew a priest she could talk to who would not be, as she put it, ?too judgmental.? I knew the perfect man, a friend of our family, a priest conjured up out of an old black-and-white movie, the type who seemed not to exist anymore in a Catholic Church roiled by scandal. Like Father Chuck O?Malley, the New York inner-city priest played by Bing Crosby, Father Kevin O?Neil sings like an angel and plays the piano; he?s handsome, kind and funny. Most important, he has a gift. He can lighten the darkness around the dying and those close to them. When he held my unconscious brother?s hand in the hospital, the doctors were amazed that Michael?s blood pressure would noticeably drop. The only problem was Father Kevin?s reluctance to minister to the dying. It tears at him too much. He did it, though, and he and Robin became quite close. Years later, he still keeps a picture of her in his office. As we?ve seen during this tear-soaked Christmas, death takes no holiday. I asked Father Kevin, who feels the subject so deeply, if he could offer a meditation. This is what he wrote:

How does one celebrate Christmas with the fresh memory of 20 children and 7 adults ruthlessly murdered in Newtown; with the searing image from Webster of firemen rushing to save lives ensnared in a burning house by a maniac who wrote that his favorite activity was ?killing people?? How can we celebrate the love of a God become flesh when God doesn?t seem to do the loving thing? If we believe, as we do, that God is all-powerful and all-knowing, why doesn?t He use this knowledge and power for good in the face of the evils that touch our lives?

The killings on the cusp of Christmas in quiet, little East Coast towns stirred a 30-year-old memory from my first months as a priest in parish ministry in Boston. I was awakened during the night and called to Brigham and Women?s Hospital because a girl of 3 had died. The family was from Peru. My Spanish was passable at best. When I arrived, the little girl?s mother was holding her lifeless body and family members encircled her.

They looked to me as I entered. Truth be told, it was the last place I wanted to be. To parents who had just lost their child, I didn?t have any words, in English or Spanish, that wouldn?t seem cheap, empty. But I stayed. I prayed. I sat with them until after sunrise, sometimes in silence, sometimes speaking, to let them know that they were not alone in their suffering and grief. The question in their hearts then, as it is in so many hearts these days, is ?Why??

The truest answer is: I don?t know. I have theological training to help me to offer some way to account for the unexplainable. But the questions linger. I remember visiting a dear friend hours before her death and reminding her that death is not the end, that we believe in the Resurrection. I asked her, ?Are you there yet?? She replied, ?I go back and forth.? There was nothing I wanted more than to bring out a bag of proof and say, ?See? You can be absolutely confident now.? But there is no absolute bag of proof. I just stayed with her. A life of faith is often lived ?back and forth? by believers and those who minister to them.

Implicit here is the question of how we look to God to act and to enter our lives. For whatever reason, certainly foreign to most of us, God has chosen to enter the world today through others, through us. We have stories of miraculous interventions, lightning-bolt moments, but far more often the God of unconditional love comes to us in human form, just as God did over 2,000 years ago.

I believe differently now than 30 years ago. First, I do not expect to have all the answers, nor do I believe that people are really looking for them. Second, I don?t look for the hand of God to stop evil. I don?t expect comfort to come from afar. I really do believe that God enters the world through us. And even though I still have the ?Why?? questions, they are not so much ?Why, God?? questions. We are human and mortal. We will suffer and die. But how we are with one another in that suffering and dying makes all the difference as to whether God?s presence is felt or not and whether we are comforted or not.

One true thing is this: Faith is lived in family and community, and God is experienced in family and community. We need one another to be God?s presence. When my younger brother, Brian, died suddenly at 44 years old, I was asking ?Why?? and I experienced family and friends as unconditional love in the flesh. They couldn?t explain why he died. Even if they could, it wouldn?t have brought him back. Yet the many ways that people reached out to me let me know that I was not alone. They really were the presence of God to me. They held me up to preach at Brian?s funeral. They consoled me as I tried to comfort others. Suffering isolates us. Loving presence brings us back, makes us belong.

A contemporary theologian has described mercy as ?entering into the chaos of another.? Christmas is really a celebration of the mercy of God who entered the chaos of our world in the person of Jesus, mercy incarnate. I have never found it easy to be with people who suffer, to enter into the chaos of others. Yet, every time I have done so, it has been a gift to me, better than the wrapped and ribboned packages. I am pulled out of myself to be love?s presence to someone else, even as they are love?s presence to me.

I will never satisfactorily answer the question ?Why?? because no matter what response I give, it will always fall short. What I do know is that an unconditionally loving presence soothes broken hearts, binds up wounds, and renews us in life. This is a gift that we can all give, particularly to the suffering. When this gift is given, God?s love is present and Christmas happens daily.

A version of this op-ed appeared in print on December 26, 2012, on page?A25?of the?New York edition?with the headline: Why, God?.

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This entry was posted on Thursday, December 27, 2012 at 2:08 pm and is filed under Abuse and Cover Up. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

Source: http://reform-network.net/?p=18898

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Lenovo Announces K860i Android Smartphone

Lenovo Announces K860i Android Smartphone

Lenovo has announced a new version of their K860 Android smartphone, the Lenovo K860i, which has had a specifications bump over the previous model, including a slightly faster quad core Exynos processor clocked at 1.6GHz. The Lenovo K860i also [ Continue reading...] The post Lenovo Announces K860i Android Smartphone appeared first on Geeky Gadgets.

Source: http://www.facebook.com/GeekyGadgets/posts/10151198492780967

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US homebuilder confidence at 6 1/2-year high

In this Friday, Nov. 16, 2012, photo, construction worker Miguel Fonseca carries lumber as he works on a house frame for a new home in Chula Vista, Calif. Confidence among U.S. homebuilders inched up in Novemeber to the highest level in more than six and a half years, as builders reported the best market for newly built homes since the housing boom.(AP Photo/Gregory Bull)

In this Friday, Nov. 16, 2012, photo, construction worker Miguel Fonseca carries lumber as he works on a house frame for a new home in Chula Vista, Calif. Confidence among U.S. homebuilders inched up in Novemeber to the highest level in more than six and a half years, as builders reported the best market for newly built homes since the housing boom.(AP Photo/Gregory Bull)

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? Confidence among U.S. homebuilders inched up this month, to the highest level in more than six and a half years, as builders reported the best market for newly built homes since the housing boom.

The National Association of Home Builders/Wells Fargo builder sentiment index released Tuesday increased 2 points to 47 from a revised 45 in November. That's the highest reading since April 2006, just before the housing bubble burst.

Readings below 50 suggest negative sentiment about the housing market. The last time the index was at or above that level was in April 2006, with a reading of 51. It has been trending higher since October 2011, when it stood at 17.

The latest index, which is based on responses from 441 builders, reflects growing optimism that a turnaround in housing will endure after years of stagnation.

"While there is still much room for improvement, the consistent upward trend in builder confidence over the past year is indicative of the gradual recovery that has been taking place in housing markets nationwide and that we expect to continue in 2013," said David Crowe, the NAHB's chief economist.

A component of the latest builder confidence survey that measures current sales conditions rose 2 points to 51, the highest level since April 2006. A gauge of traffic by prospective buyers increased 1 point to 36, also the highest reading since April 2006.

However, the index tracking builders' outlook for sales over the next six months slipped 1 point to 51, back to where it was two months ago.

More people have started looking to buy homes, encouraged by a gradually improving economy, a steady rise in home values and mortgage rates that have been low all year. At the same time, the inventory of previously occupied homes available for sale has fallen sharply, reducing the competition for newly built homes.

Sales of new homes fell slightly last month, dragged lower by steep declines in the Northeast partly related to Superstorm Sandy. But they were still 17 percent higher in October than the same month a year ago.

Builders are locking up more land and ramping up construction. All told, builders broke ground on new homes and apartments in October at the fastest pace in more than four years.

Olson Homes, which builds homes in Southern California priced roughly from $300,000 to $700,000, said demand has picked up since February, and the company now projects sales will be up 45 percent for the year.

"We've had the best fourth quarter I've seen since probably 2005-2006," said Scott Laurie, Olson Homes' president. "Sales have been unbelievably strong."

Olson has been acquiring more land in coastal cities and making plans to open new communities before spring, which is traditionally the peak period in the year for home sales. The builder also has ramped up hiring. It has increased its work force 25 percent this year, to 70 employees.

The moves reflect Laurie's builder's belief that the housing recovery is now on a sustained track. "We think we're definitely past the worst of the market," he said.

At Houston-based David Weekley Homes, which builds homes in eight states, sales are up 40 percent from last year. That's allowed the builder, which sells homes priced from $150,000 to $1 million, to raise prices as much as 5 percent.

CEO John Johnson said that the market is better than it has been in the past five years, but he's not sold yet that housing is locked on course for a full recovery because unemployment remains high. "Long-term, that has to improve for the market to really come back to where it should be," Johnson said.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2012-12-18-Builder%20Sentiment/id-9b011c55330441cb9b2eb2e386a805e6

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Micro-origami uses cells to fold itself

Jacob Aron, reporter

Even the most skilled origami practitioners would struggle with microscopic folds. But now Shoji Takeuchi of the University of Tokyo, Japan, and colleagues have created sheets that harness the traction force of cells to fold themselves into a variety of shapes.

The team created flat origami designs by cutting thin plastic sheets. Then they grew cells that crossed the seams of the tiny plates. The first clips in this video use animal connective tissue cells, which typically help wounds heal, to make the patterns bend when nudged. But in later examples, the flexible joints fold automatically when rat heart cells are used.

The team hopes the process could eventually help create artificial blood vessels as well as other biological tissue.

If you enjoyed this post, watch micro-origami unfold in water or see how a pulse of light can create instant origami.

Journal reference: PLoS One, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051085

Source: http://feeds.newscientist.com/c/749/f/10897/s/26c01e2b/l/0L0Snewscientist0N0Cblogs0Cnstv0C20A120C120Cmicro0Eorigami0Euses0Ecells0Eto0Efold0Eitself0Bhtml0Dcmpid0FRSS0QNSNS0Q20A120EGLOBAL0Qonline0Enews/story01.htm

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Deal of the Day ? 15.6? Dell Inspiron 15z Core i5 Ivy Bridge Ultrabook with free $150 Gift Card

Monday’s LogicBUY Deal is the customizable 15.6″ Dell?Inspiron 15z (5523) Ultrabook (non-touch models) starting at?$699.99. ?All models feature: ?32GB mSSD, Windows 8 OS, Skullcandy audio with WaveMaxx 4.0, Adobe Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements, 90-day Premium Phone support, regular 1-year In-Home service. ?The $699.99 model has Core i3, 6GB memory, and a 500GB hard drive. [...]

Source: http://the-gadgeteer.com/2012/12/17/deal-of-the-day-15-6-dell-inspiron-15z-core-i5-ivy-bridge-ultrabook-with-free-150-gift-card/

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Evening Trading or Long Term Forex Trading? ? Starting ? Darul ...

Posted by emilydetho66 on December 16, 2012 in Articles with No Comments

The Forex, or foreign currency exchange, market is popular with both day traders and long-term investors alike. Knowing the tendencies that occur in the forex market is effective before individuals to indulge in day trading and long-term trading. Regardless of what style trading someone uses, it?s essential for them to understand the basics of the forex market to be able to see the greatest chance of creating a profit. It?s possible for a person to join up for a totally free demonstration consideration that?ll enable them to practice trading before they fight it out with their very own true money.One of the best ways to get acquainted with Forex trading, whether it?s day trading or long-term trading, is always to study the various terms that are utilized in this market. There are many of resources available to an individual, ranging from books presenting tips and tricks to online articles that set down the basics and a number of the most typical terms that a new entrepreneur is likely to come across. After training for a bit, an individual may open an with as little as $200 and begin trading international currency.When it comes to Forex trading, an individual has a range of making the trades themselves or employing a broker. The decision of if to hire dealer depends mainly how relaxed an individual seems building positions themselves. Several newcomers start out using a specialist until they get used to forex and begin making positions themselves. One of many greatest gains to Forex trading, particularly for day traders, is the undeniable fact that the foreign currency market works all day every day. It?s recommended for an individual to keep a watch on the developments in order to determine which pairs of currency are likely to cause them to become the most money.Foreign currency comes in pairs and a number of the most common include EUR/USD, EUR/JPY, GBP/USD, and USD/CHF among others. Another thing to help keep in your mind is that forex trading, like any type of trading, places an individual at an increased risk for dropping a few of their investment finance. While there is the chance for an individual to make amazingly high earnings, there is also the possibility that an person can lose a considerable percentage of their cash, especially if they?re new to either day trading or long-term trading in the Forex market.

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Obama to speak Sunday at Connecticut vigil for shooting victims

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama plans to travel to Newtown, Connecticut, on Sunday to meet with families of the victims of a Friday school shooting that was one of the deadliest such incidents in the nation's history.

The White House said in a statement Obama will speak at a 7 p.m. EST Sunday interfaith vigil for families of the victims and other students from Sandy Hook Elementary School, which was attacked on Friday by a heavily armed gunman.

In his weekly radio and internet address earlier on Saturday, Obama said it was time to "take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this."

But he stopped short of specifically calling for tighter gun-control laws.

(Reporting By David Alexander; Writing by Scott Malone; Editing by Eric Walsh)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-speak-sunday-connecticut-vigil-shooting-victims-003740338.html

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Video: Retired FBI Profiler on CT School Shooting

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/cnbc/50203035/

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L.A. Reid Announces He Is Leaving 'The X Factor'

Another judge bites the dust! Simon Cowell's talent reality show The X Factor continues to have retention problems when it comes to judges, but this time (for once) the exit wasn't initiated by Cowell: L.A. Reid announced Thursday that he will not return to the show next year.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/la-reid-confirms-he-leaving-x-factor/1-a-508665?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Ala-reid-confirms-he-leaving-x-factor-508665

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Chilean Cinema Sweeps Havana LatAm Film Fest - The Hollywood ...

BUENOS AIRES ? The booming moment Chilean cinema has experienced this year was confirmed today with the awards announcement at the Havana New Latin American Film Festival, where Pablo Larrain?s No, Chile?s Foreign Oscar bid starring Gael Garcia Bernal, won the 1st Choral Award for Fiction Films.

Also from Chile, Andres Wood?s Violeta Went to Heaven came in second in the same competition, and also won Best Art Direction, while the 3rd Choral Award went to Claudio Assis? Rat Fever from Brazil.

STORY:?Latin America's Frontrunner in Foreign Oscar Race is 'No,' With Gael Garcia Bernal

The Jury granted a Special Prize for Carlos Sorin?s Fishing Days (Argentina) and a Special Mention for Brazil/France co-production Once Upon a Time Was I, Ver?nica, directed by Marcelo Gomes

The fest?s First Film competition was topped by William Vega?s La Sirga (Colombia), followed by Alejandro Fadel?s The Wild Ones (Argentina) which also picked the Choral Award for Best Artistic Contribution. The 3rd Choral prize went to Fernando Guzzoni?s Dog Flesh (Chile)

Local documentary El evangelio seg?n Ramiro - Juan Carlos Calahorra picked the 1st Choral in the Documentary competition, while Maria Veronica Ramirez?s Anima Buenos Aires topped the Animation category.

The FIPRESCI Award went to Nicolas Pereda?s Greatest Hits (Mexico)

STORY: No: Cannes Review

Full Award List:

FICTION

Short Films
Jury Mention: Detras del espejo - Julio O. Ramos (Peru)

Choral Award to Best Short Film: Los anfitriones - Miguel Angel Moulet (Cuba)

Feature Length Films

First Choral Award: No - Pablo Larrain (Chile, USA, Mexico)

Second Choral Award: Violeta Went to Heaven - Andres Wood (Chile, Argentina, Brazil)

Third Choral Award: Rat Fever - Claudio Assis (Brazil)

Special Jury Prize: Fishing Days - Carlos Sorin (Argentina)

Jury Mention: Once Upon a Time Was I, Veronica - Marcelo Gomes (Brazil, France)

Best Direction: Michel Franco ? After Lucia (Mexico)

Best Script: Eduardo del Llano and Daniel D?az Torres - La pel?cula de Ana (Cuba)

Best Actor: Andres Crespo - Pescador (Ecuador, Colombia)

Best Actress: Laura de la Uz - La pel?cula de Ana (Cuba)

Best Editing: Pablo Trapero and Nacho Ruiz Capillas ? White Elephant (Argentina, Spain, France)

Best Original Score: Jacobo Lieberman, Leonardo Heiblum ? The Delay (Uruguay, Mexico)

Best Soundtrack: Gilles Laurent - Post Tenebras Lux (Mexico, France, Germany, The Netherlands)

Best Cinematography: Alexis Zabe - Post Tenebras Lux (Mexico, France, Germany, The Netherlands)

Best Art Direction: Rodrigo Bazaes ? Violeta Went to Heaven (Chile, Argentina, Brazil)

Best Film about Latin America by a non-Latin American filmmaker: Here and There - Antonio Mendez Esparza (USA, Spain, Mexico)

FIRST FILMS

First Choral Award: La Sirga - William Vega (Colombia, France, Mexico)

Second Choral Award: The Wild Ones - Alejandro Fadel (Argentina)

Third Choral Award: Dog Flesh - Fernando Guzzoni (Chile)

Mention: El limpiador - Adrian Saba (Peru)

Choral Award to the Best Artistic Contribution: The Wild Ones - Alejandro Fadel (Argentina)

ANIMATED FILMS

First Choral Award: Anima Buenos Aires - Maria Veronica Ramirez (Argentina)

Second Choral Award: Luminaris - Juan Pablo Zaramella (Argentina)

Third Choral Award: Fat Bald Short Man - Carlos Osuna (Colombia, France)

Special Jury Prize: Selkirk, el verdadero Robinson Crusoe - Walter Tournier (Uruguay, Argentina, Chile)

Mention: La luna en el jardin - Adanoe Lima and Yemel? Cruz (Cuba)

DOCUMENTARY FILMS

First Choral Award: El evangelio segun Ramiro - Juan Carlos Calahorra (Cuba)

Second Choral Award: Con mi corazon en Yambo - Fernanda Restrepo (Ecuador)

Third Choral Award: Cuentos sobre el futuro - Patricia Bustos (Chile)

Best Film about Latin America by a non-Latin American filmmaker: Escenas previas - Aleksandra Maciuszek (Cuba, Poland)

Special Prize: De agua dulce - Damian Sainz (Cuba)

Mention: El Bella Vista - Alicia Cano (Uruguay, Germany)

UNRELEASED SCRIPTS

Special Mention: Sastre - Cesar Andres Heredia Cruz (Colombia)

Choral Award for Best Unreleased Script: Ismael - Carlos Enrique Machado Quintela (Cuba)

POSTER

Best Poster: Apocrifo - Roney Fundora Hernandez (Mexico)

Source: http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/chilean-cinema-sweeps-havana-latam-402734

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Russia launches fraud probe against opposition leader

Andrey Smirnov / AFP - Getty Images

Russian opposition activist and blogger Alexei Navalny (center) is detained by the police on Oct. 27 during a protest over a wave of arrests and allegations that an opposition leader was tortured.

By Reuters

MOSCOW -- Russia has opened a criminal investigation against opposition leader Alexei Navalny on suspicion of fraud and money laundering, the federal investigative committee said Friday.

Navalny, an anti-corruption blogger who has organized protests in the past 12 months against President Vladimir Putin, already faces charges of theft that he says are politically motivated and part of a Kremlin clampdown on dissent.

Rock Center Correspondent Harry Smith journeys to Moscow, where he meets blogger Alexei Navalny, a vocal opponent of Vladimir Putin and his party, United Russia. Navalny has galvanized protesters through social media and uses his website to expose alleged political corruption. The surging public outrage has left some wondering if a movement is afoot in Russia similar to that of last year's Arab Spring.?

The federal investigative committee, a government agency, said on its website that Navalny and his brother were being investigated over the alleged theft of $1.79 million by a trading company they are involved in.

Related content:

Kremlin's photo-doctoring backfires big time

'Swindlers and thieves': Anti-corruption blogger challenges Putin after leaving Russian jail

It announced the investigation one day before the opposition plans a new march against Putin in Moscow.

Navalny was not immediately available for comment. He has denied the earlier charges, over the alleged theft of timber from a state company in the Kirov region when he was advising the governor there in 2009.

Navalny is threatened with 10 years in jail if found guilty of the earlier charges.

More world stories from NBC News:

Follow World News from NBCNews.com on Twitter and Facebook

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Copyright 2012 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

Source: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/14/15899659-russia-launches-fraud-money-laundering-probe-against-opposition-leader-navalny?lite

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Planet Beach Listed as 'Hot Trend in Franchising' in Entrepreneur ...

We?re Paving the Way in the Spa Franchise Industry

Paving the way in the spa franchise industry, we are excited to be listed in the ?Hot Trends in Franchising? List in the December issue of Entrepreneur Magazine!

Planet Beach in ?Hot Trends for 2013? list in Entrepreneur Magazine

We?re looking to carry this momentum forward in 2013 and expand our brand in new and existing markets. The New Year will bring great things for the Planet Beach brand. At our Annual Convention we?ll be announcing some really exciting new initiatives pertaining to new products, services, technologies and overall branding.

The New Year is always a time when people embark on new adventures. How long have you been searching for the ideal business opportunity? We know the importance of taking your time and finding the perfect fit for you with a viable business in a strong and growing industry. We know you need a solid support system with top-notch marketing, training, programs and processes. We also know you?re not just looking for any business but a business that you will enjoy and be passionate about.

This is what we do. We are here to help answer your questions and guide you as you discover the many benefits of franchising with Planet Beach and determine whether Planet Beach is the perfect fit for you!

Our company is only as successful as our franchisees and this basic principle drives every decision we make as a team.

With all the exciting things on the horizon, now is the perfect time to explore the ownership opportunity with Planet Beach. We can make your dream of business ownership a reality. Let?s start a conversation.

Learn more about Planet Beach by downloading our Free Franchise Report.

Source: http://myplanetbeachfranchise.com/franchise-news/planet-beach-listed-as-hot-trend-in-franchising-by-entrepreneur-magazine/

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HOME & GARDEN DEALS AND CODES

In our search for?coupons?to we have been coming across many?coupon codes?for the home! If you are looking to start a home project,? or just need to spruce up a room make sure to check our Home and?Garden?Coupon Codes!

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Caribbean Property, Homes, Land and Real Estate: Antigua ...

The Antigua property market is set to receive a welcome boost from the launch of a new Citizenship by Investment programme tied to investment in real estate.

Following a lengthy public consultation process, the Government of Antigua & Barbuda has announced that vetted applicants who invest a minimum of US $400,000 in eligible real estate in Antigua & Barbuda, contribute between US $250,000 and US $400,000 to a National Development Fund or invest a minimum of US $1,250,000 in an eligible business will be able to apply for citizenship of Antigua & Barbuda.

Regional Caribbean neighbours St Kitts & Nevis and Dominica already have second passport schemes in place. The St Kitts & Nevis scheme, which also requires a minimum investment of US $400,000 in real estate (in an approved property development) or a contribution to the Sugar Industry Diversification Fund, has provided a significant boost to the property market in St Kitts & Nevis.

The Antiguan Government has announced that the Citizenship by Investment Programme is to become law by the first quarter of 2013 and is expected to promote economic growth, attract developments and support the development of infrastructure. The Economic Citizenship Programme is not without its critics, but the Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer was reported in the Antigua Observer as reassuring the people of the two island nation that "we are totally satisfied it can be a major boost to our economy... in this country. All we have to do is to ensure that we plug all the holes and ensure we have a wholesome system."

7th Heaven Properties, the Caribbean property specialists, can introduce investors to a very wide selection of luxury homes for sale in Antigua & Barbuda. The property below is just a sample.

4 Bedroom Oceanfront Luxury Home, Dickenson Bay, Antigua

Located between the world famous Dickenson Bay and Runaway Bay on the headland of an exclusive gated community, this newly completed Antigua property for sale boasts spectacular views of the azure Caribbean Sea.

With 8,000 square feet of wonderfully planned living space, this secluded beachfront estate comprises a large living and dining room and fully equipped kitchen, all opening out to a magnificent infinity-edge swimming pool.

The master suite features his and hers bathrooms, walk-in closets and private terrace area. All bedrooms have high ceilings, en-suite bathrooms and walk in closets. Owners will have the option of a private service dock in the adjacent marina.

To enquire about this luxury home, or for information on many other properties for sale in Antigua & Barbuda, please contact us.

Source: http://caribbeanpropertymarketishot.blogspot.com/2012/12/antigua-property-market-to-be-boosted.html

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HBT: Angels?give?Hamilton five-year contract

The hot stove season always takes unexpected turns, and this afternoon it took the most unexpected turn we?ve seen in some time. ?Seemingly out of nowhere the Los Angeles Angels swooped in and signed Josh Hamilton. ?Legendary L.A. radio man Joe McDonnell had the first news that a deal with close. Within an hour it was reported by multiple sources, starting with ESPN Dallas, that the Angels and Hamilton had reached deal. ?Fox?s Jon Paul Morosi was the first to report that it was a five-year deal. The money: $125 million.

This makes it two years running that the Angels have signed the best available free agent hitter, with Albert Pujols coming into the fold. ?It also marks the second straight year that the Angels have signed away the Rangers top departing free agent, with C.J. Wilson heading to the Angels last year as well. ?The year before that Mike Napoli made a circuitous journey from Anaheim to the Rangers, helping Texas win the pennant.

This is the best rivalry in baseball now and it?s not even close. ?Heck, maybe the second best rivalry ? or rivalry to be ? involves the Angels and the Dodgers. ?Each L.A. team is lapping the field in terms of big money signings, with each fighting to become or remain the darlings of the nation?s second largest media market. It had appeared that the newly-free-spending Dodgers were regaining that title for keeps, but with Hamilton in the fold down in Orange County, the war for the hearts and minds of L.A. baseball fans is ON.

With the caveat that, yes, we said this last year too, it?s probably safe to say that the Angels are the favorites in the AL West. Their potential lineup is fantastic:

Trout CF
Callaspo 3B
Pujols 1B
Hamilton RF
Morales DH
Trumbo LF
Kendrick 2B
Iannetta C
Aybar SS

Or Trumbo could play third base with Hamilton in right, Trout in left and Peter Bourjos in center. And Vernon Wells is still knocking around. The point is, no matter what Mike Scioscia does, he has plenty of options to choose from. More importantly, so does GM Jerry Dipoto, who could now deal Trumbo or Bourjos for pitching help. R.A. Dickey, anyone?

Not that we can crown anyone just yet. ?Again, we thought the Angels won it all with the Pujols and Wilson signings last year, and that didn?t work out. ?And let?s remember, with respect to players they have in common ? Mike Napoli and C.J. Wilson ? the Rangers have done a pretty good job of out-evaluating the Angels over the past couple of years. Of course, that was before the Angels turned over their front office.

But no matter what happens, the AL West just got a lot more fun, and it already was the most fun division in baseball.

Source: http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/12/13/report-the-angels-are-in-serious-negotiations-with-josh-hamilton/related/

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Casey Anthony: Out of Hiding, Spotted at Steak House!

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2012/12/casey-anthony-out-of-hiding-spotted-at-steak-house/

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Are Western Chimpanzees a New Species of Pan?

What if I told you there were populations of chimpanzees that made spears to hunt, lived in caves, and loved playing in water?? These are behaviors usually associated with ancient humans, not chimpanzees.? However, recent research has revealed that there are populations of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) that engage in all of these behaviours, and it is challenging our current understanding of chimpanzee taxonomy.? In other words, they may not be chimpanzees!

Western chimpanzees are currently understood as one of four subspecies of chimpanzee.? The other three subspecies are eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes), and Cameroon-Nigeria chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti).? Collectively, these subspecies are members of one of the most well-studied wild animals on the planet.? There are currently several field sites across Africa where long-term, continuous behavioural and ecological studies have been conducted (e.g., Whiten et al., 1999).? Through these studies, we now have a detailed understanding of our closest relatives? social structure, mental capacity, and culture.? The more we understand about our closest relatives, the more we are forced to relegate our differences from them to human-constructed continuums of complexity.? However, researchers are now realizing that there is incredible behavioral, ecological, and genetic diversity within chimpanzees, that was previously unknown.

The East African chimp bias

Until recently, scientists knew very little about chimpanzee subspecies variation. An overwhelming majority of wild field studies focused on eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), the subspecies of chimpanzee first studied by Jane Goodall at Gombe in Tanzania (e.g., Goodall, 1962; Goodall, 1967; Goodall, 1968).? Studies of this subspecies primarily informed our scientific understanding of wild chimpanzee behaviour and ecology.? Over the decades, this resulted in what primatologist, Dr. Jill Pruetz, called an ?East African chimp bias? (Pruetz, 2009).? This means that eastern chimpanzee behaviour is typically used to represent normative chimpanzee behaviour.? Researchers have shown that western chimpanzees do not fit the eastern chimpanzee stereotype (e.g., Humle & Matsuzawa, 2002; Boesch, 2009; Pruetz & Bertolani, 2009; Bogart & Pruetz, 2011).

One of the major causes of this initial bias was habituation.? Habituation is the process of conditioning an animal to behave neutrally to a human?s presence, and as I discovered on two recent field surveys in Cameroon, behavioral studies are impossible to conduct on unhabituated populations of chimpanzees.? However, the process of habituation presented (and still presents) primatologists with logistical and ethical concerns.? Logistically, habituation is difficult because chimpanzees lose their fear of our presence only after several years of repeated neutral contact with researchers (Fedigan, 2010).? Habituation presents ethical concerns because humans in general are a threat to chimpanzee existence in the wild (Kondgen et al., 2008; Hughes et al., 2011).? It is evolutionarily advantageous for them to avoid us, as opposed to tolerate us (Fedigan, 2010).? Despite all of these problems, eastern chimpanzees were the first subspecies habituated, while most other populations remained unhabituated, thus creating the East African chimp bias.

What?s so different?

Recent primatological research on western chimpanzees has revealed behaviors never before observed in other subspecies.? This seems to be particularly evident in the behaviour of the Fongoli chimpanzees in Senegal.? They live in a woodland-savanna mosaic environment, which is atypical because most known populations of chimpanzee live in a forested environment.? They have been observed to use caves as places to socialize and sleep (Pruetz, 2007), predict movement of fire (Pruetz & LaDuke, 2009), construct spears to hunt other primates (Pruetz & Bertolani, 2007), share plant foods (Pruetz, 2009), feed disproportionately on termites compared to other populations (Bogart & Pruetz, 2011), travel and forage at night (Pruetz & Bertolani, 2009), soak themselves, and play in water (Pruetz & Bertolani, 2009).? These discoveries have forced scientists to rethink behavioral variation among chimpanzee subspecies because eastern chimpanzees have never been observed to behave in any of those ways (Pruetz, 2009).? Furthermore, researchers at other sites in West Africa have also collected data bolstering the claim that western chimpanzee behavior is unlike eastern chimpanzee behavior (e.g., Whiten et al., 2001; Boesch, 2009; Stumpf & Boesch, 2010).

So, are western chimpanzees so different from eastern chimpanzees that they should be classified as a separate species of the genus Pan?? Are they more different from eastern chimpanzees than they are from other closely related primates, such as bonobos?? It is hard to quantify behavioral differences, but it appears as though western and eastern chimpanzees are more behaviorally similar to each other than eastern chimpanzees are to bonobos (Pruetz, 2009).? Also, it is still unclear to what extent the ecological differences between western and eastern chimpanzee habitats are causing these behavioural differences.? Understanding these questions will require future behavioral studies but current genetic evidence may help us better understand the causes of chimpanzee variation.

Genetic evidence indicates that western chimpanzees have been separated from the other chimpanzee subspecies for almost 500,000 years (Gonder et al. 2011).? In contrast, central and eastern chimpanzees may have consisted of a single population as recently as 100,000 years ago (Gonder et al., 2011). Other genetic studies have confirmed that central and eastern chimpanzee populations are more closely related to each other than they are to western chimpanzees (Becquet et al., 2007).? To put those numbers in perspective, bonobos (Pan paniscus) diverged from all chimpanzee subspecies only ~875,000 years ago (Won & Hey, 2004).? Furthermore, research has revealed that subspecies genetic differences between western and central chimpanzees are much stronger than seen between any human populations (Fischer et al., 2004).? This could indicate that there has been strong directional selection and/or genetic drift within western chimpanzee populations over the past 500,000 years.? Is that enough genetic divergence and difference to reclassify Pan troglodytes verus?

A new Pan?

Whether western chimpanzees should be considered a different species within the genus Pan now seems to be largely dependent on definition.? There are several different ways to classify a species.? Some researchers define a species as any organisms that can actually, or potentially interbreed in the wild and produce fertile offspring.? Under this definition, western chimpanzees would not be reclassified because all subspecies of chimpanzee can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, even though they are reproductively isolated in the wild.? However, species are not always classified under this definition.? Species can also be classified based on similarities and differences in DNA, morphology, and ecological niche.? Current behavioral, ecological, and genetic data have revealed that there is an incredible and unexpected amount of chimpanzee subspecies variation that may require us to restructure African great ape taxonomy.? But regardless of whether researchers decide to reclassify western chimpanzees, better understanding of chimpanzee variation has enabled us to gain new insight into our closest relatives, and explore our origins as a species in greater detail.? Spear-making, cave-dwelling, water-loving western chimpanzees offer us a new opportunity to understand early human evolution.? Let?s continue to explore.

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References

Becquet, C., Patterson, N., Stone, A.C., Przeworski, M., & Reich, D.? 2007.? Genetic structure of chimpanzee populations.? PLoS Genetics, 3: e66.

Boesch, C.? 2009.? The Real Chimpanzee: Sex Strategies in the Forest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bogart, S.L. & Pruetz, J.D.? 2011.? Insectivory of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal.? American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 145: 11-20.

Fedigan, L.M.? 2010.? Ethical issues faced by field primatologists: Asking the relevant question.? American Journal of Primatology, 72: 754-771.

Fischer, A., Wiebe, V., P??bo, S. & Przeworski, M.? 2004.? Evidence for a complex demographic history of chimpanzees. Molecular Biology & Evolution, 21: 799?808.

Gonder, M., Locatelli, S., Ghobrial, L., Mitchell, M., Kujawski, T., Lankester, F., Steward, C., & Tishkoff, S.? (2011).? Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations.? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 4766-4771.

Goodall, J.? 1962.? Nest building behavior in the free ranging chimpanzee.? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.? 102: 455-467.

Goodall, J.? 1967.? My Friends, the Wild Chimpanzees.? Washington: National Geographic Society.

Goodall, J.? 1968.? The Behaviour for Free-living Chimpanzees at the Gombe Stream Reserve.? London: Tindall & Cassell.

Hughes, N., Rosen, N., Gretsky, N., & Sommer, V.? 2011.? Will the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee go extinct?? Models derived from intake rates of ape sanctuaries.? Biomedical and Life Sciences, 35: 545-575.

Humle, T. & Matsuzawa, T.? 2002.? Ant-dipping among the chimpanzees of Bossou, Guinea, and some comparisons with other sites.? American Journal of Primatology, 58: 133-148.

Kondgen, S., Kuhl, H., Goran, P.K.N., Walsh, P.D., Schenk, S., Ernst, N., Biek, R., Formenty, P., Matz-Rensing, K., Schweiger, B., Junglen, S., Ellerbrok, H., Nitsche, A., Briese, T., Lipkin, W.I., Pauli, G., Boesch, C., & Leendertz, F.H.? (2008).? Pandemic viruses cause decline of endangered great apes.? Current Biology, 18, 260-264.

Pruetz, J.? 2007.? Evidence of cave use by savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal: Implications for thermoregulatory behavior.? Primates, 48: 316-309.

Pruetz, J.? 2009.? Redefining chimpanzees: Understanding human evolution on the savanna.? The Leakey Foundation (youtube.com/TheLeakeyFoundation).? Accessed December 1, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dpHwvxOfR8

Pruetz, J.D. & Bertolani, P.? 2007.? Savanna chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus, Hunt with Tools.? Current Biology, 17: 412-417.

Pruetz, J.D. & Bertolani, P.? 2009.? Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) behavioral responses to stresses associated with living in a savanna-mosaic environment: Implications for hominin adaptations to open habitats.? Paleo Anthropology, 252-262.

Pruetz, J.D. & LaDuke, T.C.? 2009.? Brief communication: Reaction to fire by savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal: Conceptualization of ?fire behavior? and the case for a chimpanzee model.? American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 141: 646-650.

Stumpf, R.M. & Boesch, C.? 2010.? Male aggression and sexual coercion in wild West African chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus.? Animal Behaviour, 79: 333-342.

Whiten, A., Goodall, J. McGrew, W.C., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., Sugiyama, Y., Tutin, C.E.G., Wrangham, R.W. & Boesch, C.? 1999.? Cultures in chimpanzees.? Nature, 399: 682-685.

Whiten, A., Goodall, J., McGrew, W.C., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., Sugiyama, Y., Tutin, C.E.G., Wrangham, R.W. & Boesch, C.? 2001.? Charting cultural variation in chimpanzees.? Behaviour, 138: 1481-1516.

Won, Y-J. & Hey, J.? 2004.? Divergence population genetics of chimpanzees. Molecular Biology & Evolution, 22: 297?307.

Images: top: Male chimpanzee: Hans Hillewaert / CC-BY-SA-3.0; bottom: Chimps from Fongoli, photo by Joshua Marshack.

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